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FHWA Highway Safety Programs

Lesson 13: Walkways, Sidewalks and Public Spaces

Objectives:

Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to:

  1. Describe the basic requirements for sidewalks.
  2. List locations where sidewalks are needed.
  3. Describe the elements that make up an inviting pedestrian space.

Pre-Instruction:

Components

Activities

Motivation

Ask the class to report on the place they identified as a "pedestrian space." Have them explain what are the design elements that make that location a pleasant space for pedestrians.

Objectives

Present and explain the three lesson goals listed above (V-13-1).

Information Presentation:

Components

Activities

Information Sequence

Outline the presentation of the lecture (V-13-2).

Information

Discuss the requirements for basic sidewalks (V-13-3 and V-13-4).

Explain where sidewalks should be provided (V-13-5).

Describe the design elements that make up a pleasant pedestrian space (V-13-6 and V-13-7).

Example(s)

Show examples (e.g., slides, videotape) of the different, well-done pedestrian areas.

Student Participation:

Components

Activities

Practice

Use one of the activities provided in the Student's Guide.

Feedback

Provide comment and feedback to the class as appropriate.

 

Follow-Up:

Components

Activities

Enrichment

Assign reading for Lesson 14.

Ask the students to find examples of poorly signed and marked pedestrian areas. Have them draw a sketch that highlights some of the problems at the location.

Review

Provide a summary of Lesson 13 (V-13-8).

Exercise

Ask the students to complete the exercise at the end of Lesson 13 in their workbooks. This exercise is reprinted below for your convenience.

13.7 Exercise: Design a Pedestrian Space

Part 1

Choose an existing public space that currently does not encourage walking and redesign it to better accommodate pedestrians. Your plan should be developed at a conceptual level. You should prepare a plan view drawing with enough information to identify major existing features, proposed improvements, and impacts. Profile and cross-section view drawings are also helpful in presenting particular details required to construct your proposed improvements. Aerial photographs and U.S. Geological Survey topographic maps often provide a good background for overlaying proposed improvements

Part 2

Conduct a pedestrian capacity analysis for the Piedmont Park case study location (as described in Exercise 3.8 of Lesson 3) using procedures described in the Highway Capacity Manual. The four major park entrances, as indicated on the Site Location Map, should be evaluated to determine the pedestrian level of service (LOS). In order to conduct this evaluation, the following assumptions should be utilized

  • Expand 15-minute pedestrian counts included in the park usage data to represent hourly volumes.
     
  • All of the pedestrian volume at each of the four entrances accesses the park on existing 5-foot-wide feet wide sidewalks.

Utilize and document other assumptions as necessary in order to conduct the LOS analysis. Be sure to evaluate the sensitivity of values related to your assumptions

Determine the existing level of service for pedestrians at the four major park entrances. Do the sidewalks need to be widened? In addition, evaluate pedestrian level of service under the following scenarios:

  • Average weekday pedestrian traffic is anticipated to double in 5 years, will 5-foot-wide sidewalks be adequate?
     
  • Special events will generate pedestrian volumes five times those measured for an average weekday.

Solution Commentary

Part 1

This plan could be developed using overlays on an existing map or aerial photograph in association with enlarged details of special areas of interest. Typical construction details and section views should be used to augment the plan view layout. Choosing case study locations where students can thoroughly review the site during field review visits will greatly enhance the value of this exercise.

Part 2

Lesson Objectives:

  • Describe the requirements for sidewalks
  • List locations where sidewalks are needed
  • Describe elements that make up inviting pedestrian spaces

Lesson Outline:

  • Requirements for basic sidewalks
  • Where sidewalks should be provided
  • Design elements that make up a pleasant pedestrian space

Requirements for Basic Sidewalks:

  • Minimum width
  • Desirable width
  • Curbing
  • Paving materials
  • Borders and buffers
  • Street furniture placement

Requirements for Basic Sidewalks (continued):

  • Grade
  • Stairs
  • Landscaping
  • Rural sidewalks
  • Bridge sidewalks
  • Corners

Where Sidewalks Should Be Provided:

  • Schools
  • Transit stops
  • Parks/Sports areas
  • Shopping districts
  • Recreational corridors
  • Medical complexes and hospital
  • Public buildings

Design Elements That Make Up a Pleasant Pedestrian Space:

  • Trees
  • Pavers
  • Awnings
  • Outdoor cafes
  • Alleys/Narrow streets

Design Elements That Make Up a Pleasant Pedestrian Space (continued):

  • Kiosks
  • Play areas
  • Public art
  • Pedestrian streets/malls
  • Transit malls

Lesson Summary:

  • Sidewalks should be designed to meet certain minimum requirements
  • Sidewalks should be provided for certain types of land use
  • Different elements of design are key to creating inviting pedestrian spaces