Implement proven countermeasures to alert distracted, drowsy, or inattentive drivers. Continue the NCDOT policy of installing rumble strips on roads that are overrepresented in lane departure crashes statewide.

Investigate new and emerging technologies to keep road users alert. Examine the available smartphone applications that discourage distraction among teen drivers and/or all drivers for large-scale implementation.

Create a single source repository of applications and technologies that keep road users alert.

Develop and pilot test effective technologies to reduce distracted driving.

Enact a statewide handheld cell phone ban while operating a motor vehicle. Identify additional champions in the legislature to advance proposed hands-free law.

Pending enactment of a hands-free law, educate road users about the law.

Develop and enact policies that reduce distracted driving. Identify and promote employer-based policies banning cell phone use while operating a motor vehicle for State agencies, public health stakeholders, local government, and large local employers with vehicle fleets through targeted outreach with employees, visible reminders in vehicles, and collaboration with the Network of Employers for Traffic Safety.

Partner with businesses and nontraditional partners (e.g., trucking companies) with driver fleets to implement technologies that reduce distracted driving.

Investigate methods to improve consistency and visibility of distracted driving enforcement. Establish a high-visibility enforcement campaign in North Carolina to deter drivers from texting while driving.

Provide training to law enforcement to improve the accuracy of recording distracted driving data in crash reports.

Legislate the collection of cell phone records for persons involved in a fatal crash.

Strengthen the involvement of emergency services in addressing distracted and drowsy-driving related crashes. Engage and incorporate emergency medical service (EMS) in fatal crash reviews.

Engage injury prevention coordinators and medical professionals on educational interventions for patients.

Improve the quality and usefulness of crash data. Increase the percentage of crashes reported electronically.

Improve the ease and accuracy of recording more precise impact or crash location.

Evaluate the value of linking medical and crash data.

Improve the completeness and accuracy of roadway inventory data, including bicycle and pedestrian facilities. Continue collection of Model Inventory of Roadway Elements Fundamental Data Elements, particularly for non-State maintained facilities, per FHWA requirements.

Continue development of linear referencing system attribute data for all public roads.

Improve data on roadway user exposure and expand the locations where bicycle and pedestrian volumes are collected and monitored.

Identify and improve stakeholder access to behavioral data .Collect and maintain data on driver education programs.

Support the use of observational data (such as RSAs and other site-specific reviews) to inform policy and engineering adjustments.

Increase agencies’ access and ability to use existing traffic safety data. Increase the use of analytical tools and expertise.

Emphasize data sharing capabilities and forums between local agencies and the State.

Share crash data trends and high-crash locations with the traveling public.

Integrate existing and emerging data to inform local transportation planning efforts and long-range planning.

Work with partners to identify and access their datasets that may supplement existing public data on transportation safety.

Accommodate new issues that emerge in the field of highway safety. Build the data infrastructure necessary to monitor existing and emerging safety concerns and technologies.

Evaluate the influence of real-time navigation data on travel behavior and safety outcomes.

Evaluate the safety impacts of TSMO strategies emerging in the State.

Monitor and identify V2I and V2V data sources on NC corridors.

Conduct a policy review of commercial licensure to assess the State’s readiness for interconnected commercial fleets.

Engage the State’s Fully Autonomous Vehicle Committee to identify emerging data sources and actively participate in discussions concerning new technologies (e.g., connected vehicle and automated vehicle manufacturer reporting requirements and technical skills of State employees that will evaluate data).

Continue to improve EMS response time and increase access to medical facilities, especially in rural areas. Map EMS and treatment facility resources and evaluate response times in rural areas.

Work with NCDOT and EMS partners to fund a study to examine the quality of cell phone service and ability to call 911 in rural areas.

Improve first response, air lift, in-transport/pre-hospital care services and coordinated hospital receiving services for pedestrian, bicyclist, motorcyclist, and motor vehicle crashes.

Foster collaboration and encourage reciprocal agreements between rural counties and municipalities to increase access to remote locations.

Identify opportunities to coordinate with North Carolina representatives from the Federal Aviation Administration Unmanned Aircraft System Integration Pilot Program to develop emergency medical response applications of unmanned aircraft technology in rural areas.

Improve communication services (such as cell phone service coverage) in rural areas to assist emergency services personnel in locating and responding to remote crashes.

Install the SaFID for all people, all modes, moving through an intersection in local, regional, and State projects. Institutionalize SaFID as the default choice for new and existing intersection projects.

Research and implement new and innovative intersection countermeasures or designs based on data driven results.

Promote and support additional research on intersection turning movements related to pedestrian safety (e.g., leading pedestrian interval (LPI), right-turn, left-turn conflicts).

Enact an ICE policy.

Educate road users, transportation professionals, and stakeholders at all levels of government about intersection safety. Educate drivers and non-motorized users on how to navigate all types of intersections.

Educate pedestrians (especially young children) through skills-based practices such as Let’s Go NC! curricula on how to cross safely at intersections.

Educate roadway designers, planners, and officials/decision-makers on intersection design principles proven to reduce fatalities and serious injuries.

Educate law enforcement agencies on transportation laws related to intersection safety, new traffic control devices, and alternative/innovative intersections so they are equipped to effectively enforce traffic laws at intersections.

Develop an intersection-specific data visualization tool for showing intersections with high frequencies and severities of crashes.

Research and implement effective ways to enforce compliance with traffic control devices. Identify proven or promising enforcement methods found in international, Federal, State, and local research, including automated signal enforcement.

Investigate the consistency of the court system process between counties, cities, and agencies across the State with upholding intersection-related violations, like speeding, red-light running, and non-yields.

Keep vehicles from leaving their travel lane unlawfully or unexpectedly. Continue to use evidence-based countermeasures to reduce crashes, such as long-life edgeline and centerline pavement markings, longitudinal rumble strips, paved shoulders, wider outside lanes, enhanced signage, and other low-cost systemic treatments.

Continue to evaluate the safety and operational performance of countermeasures geared toward lane departure crashes.

Implement guidelines that encourage design consistency, especially at locations with increased risk for lane departure crashes (curves and rural roads).

Reduce the potential for and severity of crashes when vehicles leave their lane. Continue to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost treatments such as Safety EdgeSM technology, clear zone maintenance, median barriers, and guardrail.

Support and enhance driver education and awareness programs. Create an inventory of existing driver education programs and determine the extent to which curriculum and behind-the-wheel training.

Develop education programs focused on raising awareness and familiarity with vehicle technologies that may affect lane departure crash causes, such as lane-keeping assistance and hands-free technology.

Provide educational materials and driving safety tips to drivers, such as tourists and travelers who are unfamiliar with North Carolina road types, as well as young and novice drivers.

Develop and implement coordinated campaigns to enforce traffic laws in areas with a higher share of lane departure crashes. Identify target locations with a combination of high lane departure crash occurrence and noted driver behavior issues, primarily speeding, and enforce those behaviors.

Develop, implement, and track the effectiveness of a pilot campaign for speeding enforcement at the target locations.

Consider the unique vulnerabilities and characteristics of motorcyclists when designing or improving the transportation infrastructure. Review best practices in roadway design and maintenance to improve the safety of motorcyclists and implement when applicable.

Identify locations or roadway characteristics where motorcycle crashes are overrepresented and use targeted countermeasures, such as motorcycle friendly barriers, to improve safety at those locations.

Improve data sources and analysis methods to inform problem identification, countermeasures, and messaging. Improve geocoding of motorcycle crashes and other data to support analysis of issues related to motorcyclist fatalities and serious injuries.

Integrate data sources to identify sub-group characteristics and behaviors to inform countermeasures and messaging.

Improve crash data regarding non-compliant helmet use.

Implement and promote effective education, communication, and outreach practices to improve the safety of motorcyclists in North Carolina. Provide opportunities for riders to improve riding skills, hazard perception, and situational awareness by participation in advanced rider courses, including expanding the BikeSafe NC program.

Customize messaging and communication strategies based on motorcycle type, rider demographics, or other characteristics to promote safety practices (e.g., helmet use) and reflect specific safety concerns (e.g., impaired riding).

Develop and expand relationships with rider groups and other partners to improve programs and communication.

Review and improve driver education training curriculum, course delivery, and testing related to motorcyclists.

Develop a framework that details the policies and resources needed to promote life-long education and skill advancement to improve the safety of motorcyclists (e.g., GDL for new riders, required beginning rider course, endorsement renewal requirements).

Increase law enforcement awareness of important issues regarding motorcyclist safety such as impaired riding detection and legal helmet identification. Provide law enforcement with training and materials on how to identify impaired riding and DOT approved helmets.

Support effective legislation, policies, and countermeasures to improve motorcyclist’s safety. Review best practices in legislation, policies, and countermeasures to inform practices in North Carolina (e.g., lower BAC, GDL for motorcyclists).

Evaluate, improve, and expand rider diversion through the BikeSafe NC program.

Continue to support and promote North Carolina’s strong universal motorcycle helmet law, including communicating estimated economic savings to key decision makers.

Support and deploy resources to rural high-crash areas to improve incident response and treatment for motorcyclists. Train EMS personnel on treatment related to motorcyclist injuries (e.g., helmet removal, spinal injuries), especially in rural areas.

Examine existing programs to inform the application of motorcyclist medic programs in North Carolina.

Promote consistent and correct restraint use throughout all phases of life. Examine current approaches to occupant protection and develop new marketing campaigns, branding, and practices to refresh messaging.

Increase public knowledge of the correct use of car seats, booster seats, and seat belts.

Integrate traffic safety into existing school education curriculum and student events and programs, including driver education.

Improve, integrate, and explore data sources and analysis methods to inform problem identification, countermeasures, and messaging. Improve geocoding to support analysis of issues related to restraint use.

Integrate data sources to identify sub-group characteristics, behaviors, and other factors to inform countermeasures and messaging.

Improve crash data regarding the use of car seats.

Use effective enforcement strategies and adjudication practices to increase seat belt use overall and to encourage proper seat belt and car seat use. Review successful enforcement efforts in rural areas throughout the U.S. and encourage use of effective practices to law enforcement.

Provide resources to support effective high-visibility enforcement efforts (e.g., messaging, engaging community partners) and demonstrate the benefits of traffic enforcement to agencies (e.g., reduction in criminal activity).

Expand existing occupant protection enforcement activities with the enforcement of other high-risk behaviors (e.g., impaired driving, speeding), coordinate multi-jurisdictional activities, and encourage resource sharing.

Investigate and address issues that may undermine law enforcement efforts and effectiveness related to occupant protection violations (e.g., dismissal of charges, identification of violations, fines).

Evaluate, improve, and expand diversion programs for child passenger safety and adult restraint violations, where appropriate.

Support effective legislation and policies to increase occupant restraint use. Review existing legislation, policies, and countermeasures that contribute to increased use of occupant restraints.

Support primary seat belt enforcement with equal consequences for all seating positions in North Carolina.

Train EMS personnel on best practices for transporting children of various ages via ambulance. Evaluate emergency services training for transporting children via ambulance and recommend improvements, as needed.

Identify and implement proven countermeasures, including those related to roadway design and signage, to accommodate the needs of older drivers. Identify concentrations of older driver populations and locations with crashes involving high proportions and frequency of older drivers for potential application of targeted strategies.

Implement proven design practices to accommodate older road users, such as those from FHWA’s Handbook for Designing Roadways for the Aging Population.

Focus transit route expansion on locations with high concentrations of older adults.

Develop programs to help older drivers to decide whether to continue driving and identify adequate alternatives to driving. Expand programs for medical providers to evaluate older driver fitness for driving.

Provide resources and guidance to older drivers to determine if they are continuing to be safe drivers and communicate the available transportation options.

Promote alternative transportation options (e.g., rideshare, public transit) to older drivers. Create marketing materials advertising how to use ride share and distribute materials in doctor offices, senior centers, and at the DMV.

Market free and/or discounted fares of public transportation for older adults.

Research programs, policies, and strategies similarly employed elsewhere in the U.S. to address both the medical review process and license renewal requirements for older drivers. Digitize older driver medical assessment and driver licensing records to facilitate effective linkages between medical professionals and the NCDMV.

Promote greater understanding by law enforcement of older driver issues. Provide training to law enforcement on interacting with older drivers and identifying physical and cognitive deficiencies affecting safe road use.

Strengthen emergency services involvement in prevention of older driver-related crashes. Engage injury prevention coordinators and medical providers on educational counseling to older patients who have been hospitalized after a crash.

Identify high-risk locations and contributing factors for pedestrian, bicyclist, and personal mobility crashes. Use the Pedestrians and Bicyclists Infrastructure Network and/or other data sources (such as transit and land use data) to create a tool for estimating pedestrian and bicyclist facility demand for all transportation projects.

Integrate bicycle and pedestrian focused RSAs and Reviews into NCDOT’s pre-design phases and use RSA results to inform future designs.

Expand implementation of FHWA’s Safe Transportation for Every Pedestrian (STEP) countermeasures and training in North Carolina to understand how to select, evaluate, and maintain safety countermeasures (including LPI and other treatments).

Continue to construct safe pedestrian and bicycle networks. Update NCDOT’s roadway cross section guidance to incorporate separated bike lane design best practices.

Work with local municipalities statewide to improve or construct safe pedestrian connections to public transit in zones with affordable housing, high proportion of older adults/children, people with disabilities, and other transit-dependent residents.

Improve community and organizational engagement around engineering issues. Work with legislators to update the “local match” requirements so that more Federal funds can be made available, particularly to support projects in rural or economically distressed communities.

Form a task force to examine disparities in pedestrian and bicycle safety infrastructure investments and develop a plan to improve the process.

Continue to develop communication and leadership support for pedestrian, bicyclist, and other vulnerable road users. Promote Make Room for Bikes marketing materials that educate the public on safe passing distance for bicyclists.

Coordinate with NCDPI to include pedestrian and bicyclist interactions in driver education curriculum.

Provide training to law enforcement on drivers’ yield requirements for persons on, or crossing, the roadway.

Implement and promote programs that provide education to all users of infrastructure. Continue investment in Complete Streets and Safe Routes to School, including training to state and local transportation professionals.

Continue to expand targeted education and enforcement activities under the Watch for Me NC program and resources to provide technical assistance, training, and program coordination.

Promote the Walk Smart NC program and support training for all State employees on awareness when they are driving and walking.

Implement the Let’s Go NC curriculum in afterschool programs statewide.

Improve law enforcement’s collection of crash data on pedestrian, bicyclist, and other personal mobility data. Revise the NC crash report form to include the unit type options of e-scooter and e-bike, as part of the update to DMV’s crash system database.

Implement infrastructure projects and lower-cost countermeasures to reduce the number and severity of speed-related crashes. Use speed-related crash data to identify locations with the most potential for safety improvement to address speed-related crashes and implement evidence-based countermeasures.

For new and existing roads, establish a safe limit and designs within a Complete Streets framework.

Identify safety zones (e.g., school zones, high-pedestrian activity locations, work zones) through local partnerships and implement speed countermeasures.

Evaluate speed limits for existing roads (and reset if necessary). Determine appropriate speed limits based on the purpose and need of the roadway, traffic volumes, roadway characteristics, roadway setting, number of access points, crash history, and pedestrian/bicyclist activity.

Develop a statewide speed management plan. Develop a context-sensitive, stakeholder inclusive speed management planning, design, implementation, and enforcement program.

Coordinate high-visibility speed enforcement in areas with high pedestrian/bicyclist activity and risk of injury.

Educate transportation engineers, planners, policymakers, and general public on effects of speed on safety for all roadway users. Use existing resources (like ITE Resource Hub) to develop and implement training for transportation engineers and planners about countermeasures that reduce vehicle speeds and/or are proven to reduce speed-related crashes.

Develop and implement a campaign that helps the public to see speeding as a dangerous behavior and normalize safe speeds by spreading the message that lower speeds save lives.

Implement automated speed enforcement. Develop a Task Force/Committee including members that work closely with legislators to identify barriers to automated enforcement (on the statewide and local level).

Implement automated speed enforcement in targeted areas to focus on vulnerable people, including school zones, work zones, and areas of high pedestrian activity.

Make speeding violations more likely to be upheld in court. Identify actions that can be implemented based on the findings of the Secretary of Transportation’s Safety Work Group that is reviewing the process for handling speeding tickets.

Conduct safety investigations in geographic areas or along corridors where impaired driving is a factor and consider engineering solutions to support other strategies. Partner with other agencies or groups where lane departure or other crash countermeasures are planned to encourage a multi-disciplinary approach to reducing impaired driving crashes.

Implement a community health approach for educating the public on the concerns of impairing substances, health outcomes, and alternative choices to reduce substance impaired driving. Promote the use of ride sharing and other options that provide an alternate ride home and expand access beyond urban areas.

Promote a collective impact model to address the issue of excessive alcohol use and drinking while driving.

Engage the public health community to understand risk factors associated with negative health outcomes and their relation to other risk-taking behavior (e.g., substance abuse and impaired driving).

Support implementation of North Carolina's Opioid Action Plan 2.0.

Engage traditional and non-traditional partners to develop, integrate, coordinate, and support programs, resources (e.g., the NC DHHS Injury and Violence Prevention Branch – Alcohol Data Dashboard), activities, and messaging regarding the use of impairing substances and related outcomes, especially with existing community-based programs.

Establish and/or improve communication channels (e.g., doctors, pharmacists, print and electronic resources) to educate persons taking multiple medications, certain prescriptions, or over-the-counter medications about risks associated with driver impairment.

Establish or enhance policies and legislation aimed at reduced consumption and access to alcohol or other impairing substances. Examine and revise policies related to alcohol consumption at private establishments, sporting events, and other social gatherings.

Assess the impact potential privatization of the distribution and sale of spirituous liquor could have on highway safety in North Carolina and communicate that impact to legislators.

Provide a system to deter impaired driving events. Increase the number, accessibility, and retention of certified Drug Recognition Experts.

Increase the number of officers receiving ARIDE training.

Improve processes to reduce DWI violation processing time, including updating and integrating data systems and implementing e-search warrants for blood tests.

Inform high-visibility DWI enforcement through data analysis to focus efforts and increase the reach of messaging.

Examine national best practices to inform the development of program, policy, and legislative changes in North Carolina. Investigate outcomes and effectiveness of countermeasures in States that have legalized marijuana.

Investigate outcomes and effectiveness of countermeasures in States that have strong per se (over 0.08 blood alcohol content [BAC] you can be charged regardless of proof of impairment), deterrence, adjudication policies, and legislation to inform the development of policies and legislation in North Carolina.

Improve intervention policies and strategies that bridge the gap between violation and conviction or disposition, and that aim to reduce recidivism. Reassign the administration of licensing determination to the NCDMV, including limited driving privileges and driving restrictions (e.g., ignition interlock devices).

Increase the use of ignition interlock devices and support strengthened legislation to require ignition interlock devices for all offenders charged with an alcohol-related offense.

Work with vendors, NCDMV, and the NCAOC to access, monitor, and research data regarding interlock devices and continuous monitoring technology to better understand implementation and outcomes in North Carolina.

Make transportation safety a top priority in the design of high schools and other locations frequented by younger drivers. Review transportation plans for new high schools (or existing high school expansions) and encourage safety-minded design features, such as separation between student parking lots and drop-off/pick-up locations, adequate sight distance, protected left-turns, speed bumps, one-way roads, angled parking spaces, and pedestrian safety countermeasures.

Coordinate with NCDOT Municipal School Transportation Assistance, school officials, and local municipalities to review the school traffic operations process to identify opportunities to further address safety concerns, specifically bicycle and pedestrian.

Implement a standardized curriculum and assessment for high school driver education courses. Support an ongoing NCDPI initiative to collect data on the effectiveness of the driver education curriculum.

Improve instructor training and professional development to encourage consistent delivery of driver education courses.

Improve the breadth of the driver education curriculum to address students with Special Education needs. Explore and implement best practices from existing programs for Special Education driver education curricula.

Encourage younger drivers and their parents/guardians to choose a safe vehicle. Develop an approach to make younger drivers and their parents/guardians aware of safe vehicle options and to encourage safe selection of vehicles at various price points.

Enhance North Carolina’s existing GDL system. Require parent/guardian involvement in the GDL process.

Explore GDL expansion to include novice drivers ages 18 to 20.