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U.S. Department of Transportation U.S. Department of Transportation Icon United States Department of Transportation United States Department of Transportation
FHWA Highway Safety Programs

Obligation Rates for the Highway Safety Improvement Program

An obligation is a definite commitment that creates a legal liability of the government for the payment, or a legal duty on the part of the United States that could mature into a legal liability by virtue of actions on the part of the State or local public agency (LPA). A Federal agency incurs an obligation when it records an obligation under a grant agreement to pay the State (or LPA) for the Federal share of a project's eligible cost. This commitment is generally made as both the Federal and State governments agree to specific project expenditures based upon a defined scope of work. Under the Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP), obligations are recorded against HSIP funds that were distributed via a formula provided in the law; these funds are commonly referred to as an apportionment. From the Federal perspective, the obligation to apportionment ratio is a way to represent the degree to which a State is using HSIP funds, as shown in Table 1 below. Using apportionment figures for the calculations addresses two issues: 1) funding available is subject to transfer activities and 2) apportionments more accurately represent the extent to which States are using HSIP as a funding source.

HSIP funding obligation rates are not necessarily a reflection of a State's commitment to safety. There are many other ways to fund safety improvements. This summary does not show why obligations rates are high or low, or how safe highways may be in each State, as the information below does not include safety improvements that are planned, but not yet obligated, does not include transfer of funds to another agency, and does not reflect safety spending through other core programs such as the Surface Transportation Block Grant Program or the National Highway Performance Program, or funded by non-Federal funds.

HSIP Cumulative Obligations vs. Cumulative Apportionments Through Fiscal Year 2022

Table 1 illustrates the ratio of the HSIP cumulative obligations to the cumulative apportionments for each State through the end of Fiscal Year (FY) 2022, which goes from October 1, 2021 through September 30, 2022. FY 2015 through FY 2019 includes combined funds from the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) and the Fixing America's Surface Transportation (FAST) Act. FY 2020 through FY 2021 includes funds only from the FAST Act. FY 2022 includes combined funds from the FAST Act and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA), also referred to as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). The obligation rates include the Railway-Highway Crossings Program (RHCP) and the High Risk Rural Roads (HRRR) Special Rule funding under MAP-21, the FAST Act and IIJA/BIL. MAP-21 (and the subsequent extension of MAP-21) was in effect from October 2013 through September 2015. The FAST Act was in effect from October 1, 2015 through October 1, 2021. The IIJA/BIL passed on November 15, 2021 but took effect on October 1, 2021.

Table 1: HSIP Cumulative Obligation Rates by State

STATE

FISCAL YEAR

MAP 21 & FAST ACT

FAST ACT

FAST ACT & IIJA/BIL

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Alabama

41.5%

51.3%

54.8%

60.4%

63.1%

67.4%

70.6%

71.4%

Alaska

98.0%

98.5%

98.8%

91.9%

82.9%

91.7%

86.6%

91.2%

Arizona

56.4%

65.3%

77.5%

74.1%

66.4%

46.3%

53.6%

59.9%

Arkansas

27.9%

51.1%

59.9%

74.5%

80.2%

117.7%

101.9%

97.4%

California

86.3%

108.3%

123.6%

135.2%

139.2%

200.6%

216.1%

212.3%

Colorado

65.3%

63.2%

75.4%

73.1%

71.3%

52.3%

59.2%

67.8%

Connecticut

51.4%

61.0%

67.0%

77.7%

77.6%

92.8%

89.7%

89.4%

Delaware

92.9%

91.7%

97.6%

99.5%

88.4%

81.9%

87.5%

95.3%

District of Columbia

54.0%

94.1%

98.9%

99.0%

99.9%

95.9%

93.6%

94.2%

Florida

79.9%

79.3%

86.7%

87.5%

74.9%

71.3%

82.8%

83.1%

Georgia

65.5%

78.8%

85.3%

90.7%

88.5%

100.7%

103.7%

114.7%

Hawaii

1.3%

17.5%

55.4%

59.9%

56.9%

42.0%

57.8%

79.1%

Idaho

29.8%

44.7%

56.4%

71.0%

69.2%

79.7%

82.3%

96.7%

Illinois

60.7%

74.6%

71.3%

78.4%

79.9%

70.0%

74.9%

75.7%

Indiana

17.1%

28.4%

31.5%

37.9%

37.8%

48.7%

53.1%

61.0%

Iowa

67.5%

69.2%

70.1%

75.8%

75.0%

61.2%

64.3%

74.2%

Kansas

56.3%

52.9%

65.8%

71.5%

76.0%

73.3%

83.2%

86.0%

Kentucky

43.1%

48.5%

59.1%

69.4%

64.7%

84.3%

86.3%

88.4%

Louisiana

73.0%

90.9%

85.5%

89.8%

96.0%

87.5%

81.8%

85.9%

Maine

91.1%

90.6%

91.7%

89.2%

91.6%

81.9%

76.9%

85.1%

Maryland

33.1%

42.5%

40.8%

41.6%

36.3%

22.5%

36.4%

45.3%

Massachusetts

97.0%

95.5%

100.1%

98.6%

95.8%

91.3%

85.4%

87.8%

Michigan

85.8%

81.8%

87.6%

88.2%

90.0%

83.6%

85.8%

84.6%

Minnesota

45.8%

52.7%

60.8%

65.4%

66.1%

61.7%

63.2%

71.6%

Mississippi

100.0%

100.0%

99.3%

98.5%

93.0%

96.6%

97.2%

97.7%

Missouri

59.2%

65.6%

86.8%

98.5%

98.0%

94.0%

94.0%

95.3%

Montana

59.6%

78.8%

81.0%

82.6%

74.2%

65.5%

74.0%

95.3%

Nebraska

79.8%

77.9%

81.0%

79.8%

83.4%

67.0%

76.6%

66.0%

Nevada

98.8%

97.7%

93.6%

88.6%

81.8%

66.8%

70.1%

68.5%

New Hampshire

89.9%

93.0%

89.0%

87.3%

86.8%

78.7%

77.5%

79.6%

New Jersey

44.8%

52.9%

51.7%

54.6%

54.6%

43.9%

50.9%

64.1%

New Mexico

44.9%

49.7%

59.3%

70.7%

71.6%

77.8%

80.6%

84.4%

New York

58.9%

56.7%

80.1%

82.2%

71.7%

69.8%

75.9%

79.9%

North Carolina

73.2%

80.3%

84.5%

87.0%

84.1%

91.5%

93.7%

94.5%

North Dakota

72.5%

75.1%

84.9%

93.6%

95.1%

107.9%

112.8%

114.7%

Ohio

99.3%

99.3%

87.7%

89.4%

87.5%

90.1%

97.1%

97.7%

Oklahoma

88.5%

91.1%

94.4%

96.1%

89.5%

89.7%

93.1%

90.1%

Oregon

57.3%

78.7%

80.5%

73.4%

69.0%

64.6%

69.5%

76.7%

Pennsylvania

64.9%

78.7%

77.8%

79.3%

78.1%

69.3%

73.9%

75.3%

Rhode Island

53.6%

50.7%

57.4%

67.4%

73.4%

68.7%

78.3%

86.9%

South Carolina

97.0%

87.6%

86.5%

89.4%

79.3%

73.8%

69.8%

80.7%

South Dakota

16.3%

59.7%

99.8%

128.0%

121.5%

177.9%

200.7%

208.5%

Tennessee

72.0%

83.3%

88.4%

89.0%

87.5%

87.1%

91.4%

88.8%

Texas

89.8%

91.2%

91.0%

89.8%

80.5%

77.5%

82.4%

85.7%

Utah

93.4%

88.9%

94.6%

89.6%

90.3%

95.8%

96.2%

96.3%

Vermont

53.6%

72.1%

81.2%

82.6%

78.0%

84.3%

81.9%

88.4%

Virginia

77.4%

85.7%

86.8%

86.1%

78.4%

67.0%

68.6%

65.3%

Washington

62.2%

79.1%

79.4%

78.9%

82.1%

72.6%

83.5%

81.6%

West Virginia

34.9%

44.1%

54.4%

85.9%

89.9%

93.7%

76.9%

78.3%

Wisconsin

4.8%

19.4%

32.8%

36.7%

36.5%

33.5%

44.1%

51.2%

Wyoming

79.9%

76.4%

85.7%

91.7%

97.7%

83.4%

83.0%

81.9%

Total

68.6%

76.6%

82.4%

86.2%

83.6%

86.7%

91.5%

94.3%

Funding Transferred to Other Core Apportioned Programs Through Fiscal Year 2022

A funding transfer involves the shifting of the budget (contract) authority in one fund account to another. The HSIP is subject to the transfer provision under section 126 of Title 23, United States Code (U.S.C.). Under this provision, States are permitted to transfer up to 50 percent of their HSIP funds apportioned for the fiscal year to any other eligible core apportioned program. As of September 30, 2022, 30 States transferred FAST Act funds out of the HSIP into to other core apportioned programs and 7 States transferred funds from other core apportioned programs into the HSIP. Table 2 below shows the transfer amounts and rates from FY 2016 through FY 2022. Table 2 does not include transfer of funds to another agency.

Table 2: HSIP FAST Act & IIJA/BIL Funding Transferred To/From Other Core Apportioned Programs

STATE TOTAL HSIP FUNDS TRANSFERRED
(2016-2022)

TOTAL HSIP APPORTIONMENTS
(2016-2022)

TRANSFER RATE

Alabama

($47,251,135) $325,599,610 -14.51%

Alaska

$14,282,155 $221,203,428 6.46%

Arkansas

$32,483,939 $220,997,984 14.70%

California

$1,609,798,739 $1,448,259,394 111.15%

Colorado

($35,192,970) $205,860,234 -17.10%

Connecticut

($17,501,867) $212,332,022 -8.24%

Florida

($95,549,529) $856,329,188 -11.16%

Georgia

$131,317,367 $509,912,553 25.75%

Indiana

($171,750,631) $383,225,708 -44.82%

Iowa

($31,500,000) $196,589,623 -16.02%

Kansas

($7,420,302) $131,886,364 -5.63%

Kentucky

($26,614,768) $285,094,485 -9.34%

Maine

($6,500,000) $76,185,191 -8.53%

Maryland

($85,329,940) $250,510,458 -34.06%

Massachusetts

($22,000,000) $239,878,149 -9.17%

Michigan

($36,444,638) $416,421,864 -8.75%

Minnesota

($63,777,595) $258,861,935 -24.64%

Montana

($2,440,730) $175,278,137 -1.39%

Nevada

($48,381,254) $149,299,221 -32.41%

New Hampshire

($4,792,769) $67,435,204 -7.11%

New Jersey

($146,936,259) $402,819,414 -36.48%

New Mexico

($17,179,476) $153,667,597 -11.18%

New York

($154,969,065) $682,704,422 -22.70%

North Dakota

$24,038,597 $88,603,542 27.13%

Oklahoma

($23,538,512) $267,071,993 -8.81%

Oregon

($44,520,109) $208,456,832 -21.36%

Rhode Island

($14,526,780) $92,046,561 -15.78%

South Carolina

($46,087,388) $291,008,586 -15.84%

South Dakota

$152,526,902 $109,537,877 139.25%

Texas

($137,806,460) $1,588,978,633 -8.67%

Utah

($46,615) $144,825,928 -0.03%

Vermont

($5,610,244) $85,192,543 -6.59%

Virginia

($14,331,240) $421,747,978 -3.40%

Washington

$2,718,684 $270,257,865 1.01%

West Virginia

($30,376,685) $194,049,765 -15.65%

Wisconsin

($128,736,732) $313,232,208 -41.10%

Wyoming

($16,600,000) $112,629,846 -14.74%

RHCP Cumulative Obligations vs. Cumulative Apportionments Through Fiscal Year 2022

Rail-Highway Crossings Program (RHCP) Section 130 funds are set-aside from the HSIP apportionment. The RHCP set-aside funds are apportioned to States by formula. Table 3 illustrates the ratio of the RHCP (Section 130) set-aside obligations to the apportionments for each State through the end of Fiscal Year (FY) 2022. FY 2014 through FY 2019 includes combined funds from MAP-21 and the FAST Act. FY 2020 through FY 2021 includes funds only from the FAST Act. FY 2022 includes combined funds from the FAST Act and IIJA/BIL.

As noted above, RHCP funding obligation rates are not a reflection of a State's commitment to safety. This summary does not show why obligations rates are high or low, or how safe rail-highway crossings may be in each State, as the information in Table 3 does not include safety improvements that are planned, but not yet obligated, and does not reflect safety spending through other core programs.

Table 3: RHCP Cumulative Obligation Rates by State

STATE

FISCAL YEAR

MAP-21 & FAST ACT

FAST ACT

FAST ACT & IIJA/BIL

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

Alabama

4.7%

34.7%

53.1%

47.1%

34.6%

14.9%

28.9%

27.6%

Alaska

100.0%

100.0%

100.0%

98.3%

100.0%

87.6%

66.9%

85.6%

Arizona

43.3%

55.3%

59.4%

51.8%

45.8%

33.8%

39.5%

47.7%

Arkansas

31.3%

36.6%

44.1%

48.9%

59.3%

59.9%

53.1%

64.8%

California

9.7%

22.0%

53.5%

60.3%

59.7%

52.4%

58.4%

67.9%

Colorado

21.6%

24.2%

37.8%

47.1%

70.8%

53.9%

89.4%

95.2%

Connecticut

9.6%

31.9%

47.6%

54.1%

61.2%

91.4%

97.4%

97.6%

Delaware

35.0%

42.5%

100.0%

100.0%

98.8%

89.1%

79.5%

77.1%

District of Columbia

62.4%

60.5%

100.0%

92.1%

99.0%

94.8%

79.8%

97.8%

Florida

92.2%

83.4%

95.5%

94.1%

89.8%

85.7%

94.7%

94.3%

Georgia

10.8%

25.8%

53.3%

57.1%

60.9%

58.3%

63.1%

63.9%

Hawaii

10.5%

32.4%

45.2%

47.6%

76.0%

97.0%

81.6%

84.1%

Idaho

2.7%

21.5%

41.1%

46.6%

52.7%

35.9%

39.4%

88.1%

Illinois

1.3%

47.1%

39.8%

47.0%

59.2%

43.4%

52.8%

57.4%

Indiana

10.1%

36.6%

37.8%

61.3%

68.6%

67.4%

60.2%

95.8%

Iowa

33.4%

35.4%

41.9%

49.4%

61.9%

57.2%

55.5%

63.5%

Kansas

75.1%

57.5%

79.0%

93.5%

82.0%

73.8%

76.2%

74.9%

Kentucky

8.1%

35.4%

36.0%

46.1%

82.2%

57.9%

59.7%

58.1%

Louisiana

62.8%

64.7%

58.7%

58.3%

59.2%

42.2%

51.8%

57.5%

Maine

27.2%

25.0%

32.9%

22.7%

39.4%

32.0%

43.9%

60.4%

Maryland

45.6%

54.5%

61.6%

50.6%

51.3%

37.1%

47.4%

46.3%

Massachusetts

94.4%

83.0%

94.9%

91.1%

93.1%

68.8%

54.2%

65.4%

Michigan

21.0%

32.4%

45.3%

52.7%

65.3%

60.0%

57.1%

57.2%

Minnesota

29.2%

34.5%

38.4%

48.3%

51.3%

35.5%

43.8%

63.6%

Mississippi

100.0%

100.0%

94.2%

87.6%

75.3%

97.0%

97.5%

97.8%

Missouri

93.8%

92.3%

86.8%

85.8%

81.1%

71.6%

66.0%

73.6%

Montana

77.7%

78.0%

91.4%

96.9%

89.3%

85.8%

82.3%

87.9%

Nebraska

1.0%

34.5%

61.2%

59.8%

79.3%

55.9%

60.9%

64.3%

Nevada

77.8%

61.2%

61.4%

54.7%

52.6%

29.0%

64.8%

88.9%

New Hampshire

43.3%

46.3%

42.1%

47.5%

50.2%

31.9%

41.6%

57.2%

New Jersey

96.7%

92.1%

98.2%

95.1%

95.9%

79.3%

94.0%

97.8%

New Mexico

41.0%

64.7%

68.0%

62.9%

62.5%

37.4%

45.9%

50.6%

New York

29.8%

47.1%

42.9%

46.3%

59.9%

53.0%

53.3%

58.0%

North Carolina

85.6%

90.0%

91.7%

91.2%

78.7%

57.9%

66.1%

68.4%

North Dakota

12.6%

59.2%

71.9%

78.5%

82.6%

77.0%

81.7%

87.8%

Ohio

97.9%

99.2%

100.0%

96.2%

100.0%

97.0%

97.4%

97.8%

Oklahoma

44.8%

47.5%

64.3%

72.6%

75.6%

62.1%

92.5%

97.8%

Oregon

36.9%

45.8%

51.3%

53.7%

60.0%

53.5%

50.1%

76.2%

Pennsylvania

1.3%

24.0%

37.0%

47.7%

60.5%

45.8%

52.7%

57.3%

Rhode Island

36.9%

22.3%

35.6%

48.8%

61.1%

45.0%

53.4%

67.9%

South Carolina

70.2%

53.3%

68.2%

79.4%

69.4%

51.9%

59.0%

86.8%

South Dakota

15.8%

24.3%

36.6%

56.4%

60.2%

48.7%

56.5%

81.7%

Tennessee

14.7%

66.5%

82.1%

68.4%

63.4%

53.7%

73.6%

85.0%

Texas

57.7%

55.9%

53.3%

47.7%

45.2%

17.2%

41.5%

49.2%

Utah

46.8%

40.4%

46.4%

56.1%

81.2%

91.3%

89.2%

84.4%

Vermont

0.0%

92.5%

98.0%

85.3%

72.5%

86.4%

92.2%

83.7%

Virginia

50.0%

50.3%

47.3%

51.6%

43.9%

25.7%

23.1%

24.7%

Washington

16.4%

55.9%

47.1%

58.7%

74.2%

61.8%

63.6%

65.4%

West Virginia

53.6%

58.4%

52.4%

48.6%

67.9%

59.5%

64.0%

69.1%

Wisconsin

21.2%

21.0%

25.3%

32.4%

39.5%

28.4%

36.9%

41.2%

Wyoming

60.9%

54.5%

57.3%

65.5%

73.1%

50.9%

58.3%

68.4%

Total

40.4%

51.0%

59.3%

62.7%

66.1%

54.9%

61.5%

69.0%

Updated November 2022