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FHWA Highway Safety Programs

CHAPTER 5 - REFERENCES

  • Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 2000.
  • Mace, D.J., K. Perchonok, and L.E. Pollack. Traffic Signs in Complex Visual Environments. FHWA-RD-82-102, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1982.
  • Mace, D.J., R.B. King, and G.W. Dauber. Sign Luminance Requirements for Various Background Complexities. Final Report. FHWA-RD-85-056, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1985.
  • Mace, D.J., R.S. Hostetter, L.E. Pollack, and W.D. Zweig. Minimal Luminance Requirement for Official Highway Signs. Executive Summary. Final Report. FHWA-RD-86-150, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1986.
  • Mace, D.J., R.S. Hostetter, L.E. Pollack, and W.D. Zweig. Minimal Luminance Requirements for Official Highway Signs. Final Report. FHWA-RD-86-151, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1986.
  • McGee, H.W. and D.J. Mace. Retroreflectivity of Roadway Signs for Adequate Visibility: a Guide. Final Report. FHWA-DF-88-001, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1988.
  • Mace, D.J., P.M. Garvey, and R.F. Heckard. Relative Visibility of Increased Legend Size Vs. Brighter Materials for Traffic Signs. Final Report. FHWA-RD-94-035, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1994.
  • Paniati, J.F. and D.J. Mace.  Minimum Retroreflectivity Requirements for Traffic Signs, Technical Report. FHWA-RD-93-077, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., October 1993.
  • Paniati, J.F. and D.J. Mace. Minimum Retroreflectivity Requirements for Traffic Signs, Summary Report. FHWA-RD-93-152, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., October 1993.
  • McGee, H. W. and J.F. Paniati. An Implementation Guide for Minimum Retroreflectivity Requirements for Traffic Signs. FHWA-RD-97-052, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1998.
  • McGee, H.W. and S. Taori. Impacts on State and Local Agencies for Maintaining Traffic Signs within Minimum Retroreflectivity Guidelines, FHWA-RD-97-053, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 1998.
  • Carlson, P.J., H.G. Hawkins, G. Schertz, K.S. Opiela, and D.J. Mace. Developing Updated Minimum In-Service Retroreflectivity Values for Traffic Signs. In Transportation Research Record 1824, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2003.
  • Carlson, P.J. and H.G. Hawkins. Updated Minimum Retroreflectivity Levels for Traffic Signs. FHWA-RD-03-081, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 2003 draft report.
  • Mercier, C.R., C. Goodspeed, C.J. Simmons, and J.F. Paniati. Evaluation of Proposed Minimum Retroreflectivity Requirements for Traffic Signs. In Transportation Research Record 1495, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1995.
  • Schoettle, B., M. Sivak, and M.J. Flannagan. High-beam and Low-beam Headlighting Patterns in the U.S. and Europe at the Turn of the Millennium. UMTRI-2001-19, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 2001.