This section contains additional references on the types of roadway departure countermeasures, studies and technical reports on local and rural roads, and guidelines used for countermeasure installation.

Federal Funding Opportunities

Federal Highway Administration, "Highway Safety Improvement Program (HSIP) website." Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/legislative-safety-programs/hsip

Federal Highway Administration, "High Risk Rural Roads Program (HRRRP) website." Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/sites/fhwa.dot.gov/files/2022-06/Section148_SpecialRule_Guidance.pdf

Selected Technical Resources

Federal Highway Administration, "Low Cost Treatments for Horizontal Curve Safety," FHWA-SA-07-002 (Washington, D.C.: 2006). Available at http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/roadway_dept/horicurves/fhwasa07002/

Federal Highway Administration, "9 Proven Crash Countermeasures website." Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/pedestrian-bicyclist/safety-tools/memorandum-january-12-2012

This guidance memorandum highlights when and where certain processes, design techniques, or safety countermeasures should be used:

"NCHRP Report 500: Guide and for Implementation of the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan" – a series in which relevant information is assembled into single concise volumes, each pertaining to specific types of highway crashes (e.g., run-off-road, head-on) or contributing factors (e.g., aggressive driving). Specific volumes include:

• Volume 03: A Guide for Addressing Collisions with Trees in Hazardous Locations: http://safety.transportation.org/guides.aspx?cid=24
• Volume 06: A Guide for Addressing Run off Road Collisions: http://safety.transportation.org/guides.aspx?cid=27
• Volume 07: A Guide for Reducing Collisions on Horizontal Curves: http://safety.transportation.org/guides.aspx?cid=32
• Volume 08: A Guide for Reducing Collisions Involving Utility Poles: http://safety.transportation.org/guides.aspx?cid=31

Road Safety Audits: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/data-analysis-tools/systemic/road-safety-audits-rsa

U.S. Department of Transportation (2008). The U.S. Department of Transportation Rural Safety Initiative. Available at http://www.dot.gov/affairs/ruralsafety/ruralsafetyinitiativeplan.htm

American Traffic Safety Services Association (ATSSA), "Low Cost Local Road Safety Solutions," 2006.

Federal Highway Administration, "Safety Evaluation of Improved Curve Delineation" (Washington, DC: 2009). Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/research/safety/09046/

McNinch, T.L. and Colling, T.K. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration (2009), "Traffic Safety Education for Nonengineers." Pp. 32-38, Public Roads, May/June. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/09june/05.cfm

Federal Highway Administration, "Crash Reduction Factors website." Available at. https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/data-analysis-tools/rsdp

Gross, F. and Yunk, K. U.S. "Using CRFs to Improve Highway Safety." Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Public Roads, May/June 2009, pp. 26-31. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/09june/04.cfm

Federal Highway Administration, Highway Safety Facts and Statistics website. Available at https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/about-safety/facts-statistics

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Center for Statistics and Analysis, Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS). Available at http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/Main/index.aspx

Federal Highway Administration, Crash Modifications Factors Clearinghouse website. Available at http://www.cmfclearinghouse.org/

Resources Related to Program Development/Program Coordination

National Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) website. Available at http://www.ltapt2.org/nltapa

This website summarizes the roles and function of the LTAP program and provides links, by state, for local points of contact who may help identify data, resources, and offer assistance.

Examples of State Programs/Initiatives

Federal Highway Administration, "Making the Case for Transportation Safety – Ideas for Decision Makers" (Washington, DC: 2008) Available at https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/37535

Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (2008). District Highway Safety Guidance Manual. Federal Highway Administration, Wyoming Technical Transfer Center, Kansas LTAP, Field Guide for Unpaved Rural Roads. Available at http://www.t2.unh.edu/pubs/field_guide.pdf