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Fatalities

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All: 2019 FARS/CRSS Pedestrian Bicyclist Crash Typing Manual: A Guide for Coders Using the FARS/CRSS Ped/Bike Typing Tool

The development of effective countermeasures to prevent pedestrian and bicyclist crashes is often hindered by State crash files that contain insufficient details about these types of crashes. To remedy this, Pedestrian and Bicycle Crash Typing was developed to describe pre-crash actions of involved parties to better define the sequence of events and precipitating actions leading to crashes between motor vehicles and pedestrians or bicyclists.

Pg 9-12: Human Factors Assessment of Pedestrian Roadway Crossing Behavior

Pedestrian–vehicle crashes are both common and deadly. The majority of pedestrian fatalities occur outside marked intersection crosswalks. The influences of pedestrian and environmental factors on crossing location choice were examined. A literature review covering factors intrinsic to pedestrians is provided. In addition, pedestrian crossings at 20 different locations were recorded and analyzed. The vast majority of crossings (89 percent of the total observed) took place in the marked intersection crosswalks. Drivers are likely to yield to pedestrians.

Pg 7-9: Human Factors Assessment of Pedestrian Roadway Crossing Behavior

Pedestrian–vehicle crashes are both common and deadly. The majority of pedestrian fatalities occur outside marked intersection crosswalks. The influences of pedestrian and environmental factors on crossing location choice were examined. A literature review covering factors intrinsic to pedestrians is provided. In addition, pedestrian crossings at 20 different locations were recorded and analyzed. The vast majority of crossings (89 percent of the total observed) took place in the marked intersection crosswalks. Drivers are likely to yield to pedestrians.

Chapter 5: Risk Factors Other than Exposure: Synthesis of Methods for Estimating Pedestrian and Bicyclist Exposure to Risk at Areawide Levels and on Specific Transportation Facilities

This report summarizes the variety of methods used to estimate and evaluate exposure to risk in pedestrian and bicyclist safety analyses. In the literature, the most common definition of risk was a measure of the probability of a crash to occur given exposure to potential crash events. There was also consensus on a theoretical definition of exposure as a measure of the number of potential opportunities for a crash to occur. However, there is wide divergence on operational definitions of exposure, and an even wider range of exposure measures being used in practice.

Pg 12-18: Toward a Shared Understanding of Pedestrian Safety: An Exploration of Context, Patterns, and Impacts

Provides context on pedestrian safety issues, crash patterns and contributing factors, and resulting impacts that may help orient readers from diverse sectors—including advocates, roadway owners and operators, legislators and law makers, real estate developers, businesses and private industries, public health practitioners, researchers, educators, enforcement officers, and others—to identify shared concerns and opportunities to make a difference.

Pg 286-287: Handbook for Designing Roadways for the Aging Population

The proportion of the United States population age 65 and over will increase significantly in the coming decades. The effects of aging on people as drivers and pedestrians are highly individual. Challenges that may impact people as they age include declining vision, decreased flexibility and psychomotor performance, and changes in perceptual and cognitive performance. Design practices that explicitly recognize these changes will better serve this growing segment of the nation's population.

Pg 3-7: Non-Motorized User Safety A Manual for Local Rural Road Owners

Many of the roads in the U.S. are non-Interstate, local and rural roads that are maintained and operated by local agencies, such as towns, counties, and Tribal governments. Non-motorized modes of travel, such as biking, walking, and riding horses or horse-drawn carriages can be expected along these roads and may face safety concerns when utilizing the same roadway as motorized travelers. This Non-Motorized User Safety Manual focuses on low-volume local rural roadways and rural villages and describes a process that can be used to address the safety of non-motorized users.