Since its inception, the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program has been collecting temperature data from the General Pavement Studies (GPS) and Specific Pavement Studies (SPS) test sections. Temperature has a strong effect on pavement deflection test results, primarily in asphalt concrete, but also in portland cement concrete structures. Adjustment for temperature is made to deflection test results; and, for this reason, complete and accurate data on surface temperature and in-depth temperature of pavement structures are needed for future LTPP analysis and research. This study documents the first detailed review of the LTPP pavement temperature data elements. The report assesses the completeness and quality of the data, identifies anomalies in the data, and recommends remedial action for these anomalies.