Plan and Analyze Complete Streets
Transportation professionals in States, MPOs, and localities conduct analyses and produce plans to make short-term improvements and set long-term goals for the surface transportation network. These plans are inter-disciplinary and may explore the transportation, safety, land use, environmental, economic, housing, employment, health, and other factors of a roadway’s structure and the function it serves for a community. Under a Complete Streets design model, safety for all users will be incorporated into all these transportation planning and analysis processes.
Analyzing the community context and the role that a particular street needs to serve in the multimodal network allows transportation professionals to determine the infrastructure elements necessary to meet community needs. To identify the safety, connectivity, and equity concerns related to the transportation network, transportation professionals may:
- Engage with community members, particularly individuals in underserved communities.
- Analyze crash risk using data driven safety analysis.
- Assess the need for new safety infrastructure elements.
- Evaluate impacts by monitoring and measuring success.
Data plus State and local processes to measure performance are critical to guiding and evaluating the success of Complete Streets initiatives. Collection and analysis of new data, such as pedestrian and bicycle volumes or public health data on neighborhood characteristics, can help jurisdictions focus their investments and analysis. This allows jurisdictions to evaluate success in meeting safety, connectivity, equity, and climate goals and for communicating with their constituents.
This page provides resources, including training, tools, and examples (including those prepared by outside entities and posted on external websites) for transportation professionals, the public, and other stakeholders for (1) prioritizing safety for all users while planning and analyzing projects at a corridor and network level, and (2) measuring performance of the roadway system for all road users. These resources also help capture other benefits of Complete Streets. Although the following resources do not always use the term Complete Streets, they help to advance the primacy of safety for everyone in the planning process. Check back frequently for new resources.
FHWA/FTA
- Complete Streets for Planners – Directs transportation planners to Complete Streets resources.
- Environmental Justice Analysis in Transportation Planning and Programming: State of the Practice – A report documenting the state of the practice among State DOTs and MPOs regarding how these agencies are considering and addressing environmental justice concerns in their transportation planning and programming process.
- Pedestrian & Bicycle Information Center – Allows you to watch free past recordings and register for upcoming webinars on a variety of topics related to Complete Streets provided by the Pedestrian and Bicyclist Information Center.
- Pedestrian & Bicycle Program Planning Process – Multiple publications that provide MPOs and State DOTs with practical information and examples on including pedestrian and bicycle transportation in their regional and State planning activities.
- Performance Based Planning and Programming – Defines the characteristics of performance-based planning and programming and present the information that FHWA, FTA and their partners have developed to date. This information should help to assess the effectiveness of plans and programs in meeting state and regional performance goals.
- Promising Practices for Meaningful Public Involvement in Transportation Decision-Making: The purpose of this document is to promote promising practices for transportation professionals to incorporate meaningful public involvement into each stage of the transportation decision-making process and project lifecycle, including operations and service provision. This guide is intended to support practitioners in all modes of transportation in various roles, including those working in policy, planning, engineering, operations, civil rights, environmental justice, and public involvement.
- National Resources and Technical Assistance for Transit-Oriented Development – Access on-the-ground and online technical assistance to support transit-oriented development, improve access to public transportation, and build new economic opportunities and pathways to employment for local communities.
- Complete Streets courses for planning and design - Provides participants with information and tools for developing a Complete Streets Policy, selecting appropriate performance measures, and implementing strategies.
- Planning and Designing Complete Streets - Course Numbers:
- FHWA-NHI-380131C / Web-conference Training (WCT)
- FHWA-NHI-380131D / Instructor-led Training (ILT)
- Planning Complete Streets - Course Numbers:
- FHWA-NHI-380131A / WCT
- FHWA-NHI-380131E / ILT
- Designing Complete Streets - Course Numbers:
- FHWA-NHI-380131B / WCT
- FHWA-NHI-380131F / ILT
- Planning and Designing Complete Streets - Course Numbers:
- Basics of Public Involvement in Transportation Decision Making (free web-based course) – Provides transportation practitioners with the knowledge and tools needed to better engage the public in transportation decisions as well as meet Federal requirements for public involvement.
- Integrating Transportation and Land Use (free web-based course) – Helps practitioners plan multimodal transportation systems that support community development goals and shape land use patterns that support transportation system performance goals.
Training from the FHWA Resource Center
- A Primer to Complete Streets (in-person course) – Introduces the concept of Complete Streets and highlights examples for various contexts in a three-hour virtual delivery. Contact your local FHWA Division Office to submit a request for training from the FHWA Resource Center.
NEW
- Safe System Roadway Design Hierarchy - It is a tool that characterizes engineering and infrastructure-based countermeasures and strategies relative to their alignment with the Safe System Approach (SSA), toward the goal of eliminating traffic-related fatalities and serious injuries. The purpose of the hierarchy is to help transportation agencies and practitioners identify and prioritize countermeasures and strategies when developing transportation projects.
- Design Decision Documentation and Mitigation Strategies for Design Exceptions - Inform transportation practitioners, especially planners, and designers, about FHWA’s 10 controlling criteria, their impacts on safety and operations, the inter-relationships with other controlling criteria, and potential mitigation strategies for design exceptions.
- Implementing the Proven Safety Countermeasures in Work Zones Informational Guide - The purpose of this guide is to provide information to State and local agencies on work zone fatalities in the U.S. and the application of Safe System Approach principles to work zone planning, design, operations, and management. This includes describing work zone applications of FHWA’s Proven Safety Countermeasures (PSCs), a collection of countermeasures and strategies effective in reducing roadway fatalities and serious injuries on U.S. highways and streets.
- How Do You Know You Have a Strong Road Safety Culture video shows what a strong organizational safety culture looks like through an illustration of two transportation agencies implementing their road improvement projects.
- Design Decision Documentation and Mitigation Strategies for Design Exceptions (Guide & Technical Brief) – provides information to transportation practitioners, especially planners, and designers, about FHWA’s 10 controlling criteria, their impacts on safety and operations, the inter-relationships with other controlling criteria, and potential mitigation strategies for design exceptions. The report also includes an overview of concepts such as nominal and substantive safety, performance-based and context-based design, equity in transportation, Complete Streets, transportation systems management and operations (TSMO), Safe System Approach, risk management, and design documentation practices. Appendix A in the guide includes real-world examples of noteworthy practices from States’ projects and procedures.
- Complete Streets - Safety Analysis Phase I (Report, Flyer, & Presentation PDF version) – This report provides transportation practitioners and other stakeholders with a resource that identifies and describes current capabilities, best practices, and future data and analysis needs to quantify the safety performance effects of the multiple safety treatments agencies implement simultaneously during Complete Streets projects.
- Summary Report on Request for Information (RFI): Improving Road Safety For All Users on Federal-Aid Projects - USDOT published the Improving Road Safety for All Users on Federal-Aid Projects Request for Information (RFI) in the Federal Register (88 FR 7510) to better understand how transportation agencies, stakeholders, and advocates alike could better work together to improve road safety for all users and achieve the goal of zero fatalities. This report summarizes the 1,030 individual RFI responses from 125 unique respondents and is organized by the six categories of questions.
Other Resources:
- Crash Modification Factors – A Clearinghouse of CMFs, as well as additional information and resources. A CMF is an estimate of the change in crashes expected after implementation of a countermeasure.
- Data Driven Safety Analysis (DDSA) – Allows practitioners to look beyond traditional crash analysis by providing tools to conduct predictive and systemic crash analysis. DDSA uses crash and roadway data to predict the safety impacts of highway projects and allows agencies to target investments with more confidence and reduce severe crashes on roadways.
- Integrating the Safe System Approach with SHSPs – Helps States use a Safe System framework to guide their State Highway Safety Plan.
- Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crash Analysis Tool (PBCAT tool) – A crash typing software product intended to assist state and local pedestrian/bicycle coordinators, planners and engineers with improving walking and bicycling safety.
- Primer on Safe System Approach for Pedestrians and Bicyclists – Provides transportation agencies a baseline understanding of the Safe System approach and how it relates to bicycle and pedestrian safety.
- Road Safety Audits – Provides resources to learn about and conduct Road Safety Audits (RSA). An RSA is a formal safety performance examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent, multidisciplinary team.
- Roadway Safety Data – Provides advanced data collection and analysis tools to help State and local practitioners with systemic safety analysis and selection of safety countermeasures.
- Safe System Approach for Speed Management helps practitioners understand the impacts of speed on traffic safety and explore the link between speed management and the Safe System Approach by introducing a five-stage Safe System Approach for Speed Management framework. Case studies and examples are interspersed throughout the report and in the appendix, demonstrating how agencies have been able to overcome institutional barriers and rally behind Safe System Approach principles to enact speed management programs with proven, measurable reductions in operating speeds and crashes.
- Safe System Approach for the Urban Core Informational Report outlines how practitioners can apply the principles, elements, and framework of the Safe System Approach in policy, program, and project decision-making processes across the entire system through proven safety approaches for urban areas. The report also includes 10 case studies of noteworthy practices that are relevant to implementing the Safe System Approach in the urban core. These case studies provide practical examples of how some of the key concepts covered in the report have already been implemented and the benefits have been realized.
- Safe System-based Framework and Analytical Methodology for Assessing Intersections Final Report provides a basis to assess intersection alternatives according to SSA principles, using a kinetic energy management approach. The report and tech brief are in the “Technical Materials and Research” section.
- Safety Performance Management – Includes resources for measuring and assessing safety performance.
- Scale and Scope of Safety Assessment Methods in the Project Development Process: The Federal Highway Administration recently released Scale and Scope of Safety Assessment Methods in the Project Development Process, an informational guide that assists State and local agencies in identifying and applying suitable methods for quantitatively assessing the safety performance impacts of project development decisions such as comparing various design alternatives. The guide suggests assessment methods that may be suitable for answering safety performance-related questions that typically arise during each phase of the development process and for projects of various types. It also provides examples that illustrate the thought process for selecting a safety assessment method. This information on safety performance can then be considered in concert with other project criteria to make more informed highway investment decisions
- Health in Transportation Corridor Planning Framework – Provides a framework to help transportation agencies develop partnerships, enhance community engagement to help identify when and how to consider public health as part of the existing corridor planning process.
- Guidebook for Measuring Multimodal Network Connectivity – Focuses on pedestrian and bicycle network connectivity and provides information on incorporating connectivity measures into state, metropolitan, and local transportation planning processes.
- Accessible Shared Streets: Notable Practices and Considerations for Accommodating Pedestrians with Vision Disabilities – Reviews notable practices and considerations for accommodating pedestrians with vision disabilities on shared streets. It focuses on streets where pedestrians, bicyclists, and motor vehicles are intended to mix in the same space.
- FHWA ADA Guidance and Technical Assistance – Provides guidance, resources, useful links and memos on ADA requirements for State and Local agencies.
- FHWA Small Towns and Rural Multimodal Networks (report) – This idea book helps small towns and rural communities support safe, accessible, comfortable, and active travel for people of all ages and abilities.
- Pursuing Equity in Pedestrian and Bicycle Planning (guide) – Defines transportation equity; synthesizes recent research findings; and shares strategies, practices and resources to address bicycle and pedestrian planning inequities.
Other Resources
- Bicycle and Pedestrian Planning, Program, and Project Development Guidance - This memorandum provides background information and guidance on Federal legislation, policies, and reference materials related to bicycles, pedestrian, and shared micromobility programs and projects.
- BIL Complete Streets Planning Provision Guidance - Increasing Safe and Accessible Transportation Options Implementation Guidance Under Section 11206 of the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law.
- Complete Streets Assessment At A Glance Report - This Report provides high level findings from the Complete Streets National Assessment, which established a national baseline related to Complete Streets, active transportation, and similar efforts.
- Design Standards – Alternate Roadway Design Publications - The guidance outlines the flexibility available for NHS and non-NHS projects and links to a website listing alternate roadway design publications that have been recognized by FHWA.
- Public Roads Magazine Article on Complete Streets - The guidance outlines the flexibility available for NHS and non-NHS projects and links to a website listing alternate roadway design publications that have been recognized by FHWA.
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